2/28/2023 0 Comments Mogi origins beta dropshare![]() ![]() ![]() Kinetoplastids are one of three major groups of organisms that belong to the evolutionarily divergent protist phylum Euglenozoa (Cavalier-Smith, Reference Cavalier-Smith2016). Thus, we take the opportunity to additionally consider the wider relevance of endosymbiosis during kinetoplastid evolution, including the indulged lifestyle and reductive evolution of basal kinetoplastid Perkinsela. With the potential to inform on the transition to obligate parasitism in the trypanosomatids, interest in the biology and ecology of free-living, phagotrophic kinetoplastids is beginning to enjoy a renaissance. Here we discuss the two independent origins of endosymbiosis within trypanosomatids and subsequently different evolutionary trajectories that see entrainment vs tolerance of symbiont cell divisions cycles within those of the host. In two lineages, novymonads and strigomonads, osmotrophic lifestyles are supported by cytoplasmic endosymbionts, providing hosts with macromolecular precursors and vitamins. However, the majority of trypanosomatid biodiversity is represented by osmotrophic monoxenous parasites of insects. These parasites are relatively well known, due in part to several unusual cell biological and molecular traits and in part to the significance of a few – pathogenic Leishmania and Trypanosoma species – as aetiological agents of serious neglected tropical diseases. Parasitic trypanosomatids diverged from free-living kinetoplastid ancestors several hundred million years ago. ![]()
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